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Maryland State Archives Jeffersonian, Towson, Maryland mdsa_sc3410_1_81-0633 Enlarge and print image (6M) |
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Maryland State Archives Jeffersonian, Towson, Maryland mdsa_sc3410_1_81-0633 Enlarge and print image (6M) |
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THE JEFFERSONIAN, TOWSON, MARYLAND
Saturday, March 22, 1924—Page 9
ALBERT 0. RITCHIE, GOVERNOR OP MARYLAND,
APPEARS IN ONE OF LEADING MAGAZINES
"World'* Work" For March Features Article Under Title "Back
To State's Rights," And Gives Executive Of This
Commonwealth Credit For Being Champion.
Governor Albert C. Ritchie appears in one of the leading magazines, not "written about," but as the author of a significant article relating to an ever-present national quetion. In the March issue of "World's Work" appear an article under the title "Back to State Rights," which is captioned with these words: A call for release from Federal interference in local affairs and for relief from Federal taxes that amount to five times those that the States collect."
Mr. Ritchie is a champion of States' rights; the local government to control local matters. The question of "a centralized governmental structure, or the people of each unit free to govern themselves, except as to matters which concern them all and to which a uniform standard must be applied" is presented from the initial view of our constitutional beginning. The article states:
"They settled it, of course, by devising a government in which only two classes of powers were centralized. These were, first, those powers affecting our relations and contact with other nations, which had to be centralized so that our foreign pol-
wants and needs of the people who will be affected by it?
"Congress may have the power, within the law, to reach out into the States of the Union, and influence or control the local affairs and the personal conduct of the people living in them. Congress may have the pow er, within the law, to apply and enforce in all the States uniform stand ards on subjects about which the people of the different States in their consciences differ. But before that power should be exercised, we face the question, Is it wise to do it?"
Next comes the application to a definite matter—the taxes. This is what Mr. Ritchie has to say:
"Let us apply these principles to the only function of the Federal Government which affects every person in every State—the function of taxation. I speak in no political1 sense. I speak simply of the one subject which directly affects every one of us, no matter of what party or of what creed; a subject which has become acute not from the administration of either of the two great political parties of the country, but of both.
"Legislation which invades the rights and the liberties of the people,
icy might be a united one; and, sec-iwhich restricts their freedom of ac-
ondly, those powers which the Fed eral Government had to have in order to operate as a government at home, powers which affected everybody in the country and which, therefore, had to be exercised for everybody by a central authority. In all other respects they left everybody free to govern themselves through political units, cr States, set up for the express purpose."
Commenting on "this distinction between the functions of the Federal Government and the functions of the States," the soundness of this is proved by the fact that with the single exception of writing into the Constitution the three political amendments which reflected the issues settled on the battlefields of the Civil War, the marvelous growth and development of this country which took place between 1804 and 1913 all occurred without a single change in our Constitution as it existed in 1804, more than a century before." The conclusion is that "this is proof of the enduring soundness of the Amer ican form of government; or, of course, of the distinction between the functions of the Federal and the State governments, because that is the foundation upon which the entire structure rests."
"The Federal Government should not legislate just because it legally can. Nor should the States. The test should be, 'Is the proposed action wise?' The power may exist, but is it expedient to exercise it? Not contitutionally or legally, but wisdom is the crucial thing. Does the thing proposed conform to the
tion and personal conduct, affects different persons differently. But legislation which invades their pock-etbooks affects everyone alike. Thus no question is at once more practical and more nonpolitical than the wisdom of Federal taxation.
"Take first my own State of Maryland, because what is going on there I know from actual observation. In 1922—the most recent year for which at this writing the comparison can be made—the Federal Government collected from the people of Maryland in internal revenue taxation alone $45,971,936. This was a payment of $31.71 per person. In the same year the State government of Maryland collected from its own people from all sources $14,679,700,
or $10.12 per person. So that in internal revenue taxation alone the Federal Government collected from Marylanders more than three times as much as their own State government collected from them."
In the discussion of other ways in which Federal control and aid is manifest, the article reads:
"Take the Federal appropriations for the support of alt sorts of social, economic, and educational undertakings, which are by nature local, and the alarming increase in the demands for more."
The following "Federal Aids" are cited: The land grants of 1862, those for roads beginning in 1916, for vocational education in 1917, for industrial rehabilitation in 1920, for maternity and child hygiene in 1921 —"all on the fifty-fifty basis." The National Forest Fund Act, the Water Power ARct, and the present proposed Department of Education are each treated as instances of central government rule.
Concerning the workings of this system Governor Ritchie declares his disapproval of the manner of gathering the funds and the inequality of distribution.
"The very term 'Federal Aid' is a complete misnomer. The Federal Government can scarcely be said to "aid" the States, when all it does is take money from the people of the States and then give it back to them again. Most certainly the Federal Government does not 'aid" the States when what it actually does is give back only part of what it collects from them, and keep the rest to pay the cost of expensive bureaus maintained for the purpose of giving it back.
"The granting of Federal Aid means the taking of Federal control
over local objects in a manner which could not possibly be done directly under the Constitution. The Federal Government would have no conceivable right to interfere at all in the management by any State of its health conditions, of its schools, or of its works of internal improvement. But when the Federal Government gives Federal Aid, it does so on conditions. It always demands the; right of supervision. It can withdraws its appropriation at any time if its directions are not observed by the State. So that instead of being and 'aid,' the thing is really a trade in which the Federal Government buys the right to superintend activities which primarily belong to the States by paying back to the States, out of money collected from their own people, one-half the expenses of administration.''
In other words, and with a well-deserved mention of our road system, the agricultural aid matter is discussed:
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Lydia E. Pinkham's Private Text-Book upon "Ailments Peculiar to Women " will be sent you free upon request. Write to the Lydia E. Pinkham Medicine Company, Lynn, Mass.
r^SS
Time to Plant
and the best varieties of vegetables and field seeds to plant for each purpose is told in the
1924 Catalog of
WOODS SEEDS
A copy will be mailed you free on request.
Keduced prices are quoted on Seeds, Poultry Supplies and Feeds, Fertilizer, Garden Tools and Spray Materials.
Free Flower Seeds and how you may get them is told on Page 3 of Catalog. Write for your copy. Ask for a Select-Kite Seed Chart.
T. W. WOOD & SONS
Seedsmen Since 1878
40 S. 14th St., Richmond, Va.
A QUALITY"
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gan her splendid system of State roads about 1910, and was far ahead of other States when Federal Aid for highways commenced in 1916. Other States have since been helped with Federal money in starting their improved road work. Maryland carried her burden alone for at least six years. States where forest reserves are located and where oil wells and water power are situated on public lands receive Federal subsidies for their schools and roads. Other States do not receive these subsidies."
The question of education, as relating to governmental appropria-
(Continued on Page 10)
"The agricultural States benefit primarily from Federal Aid to agriculture. Yet the people of the non-agricultural States bear their proportion of the total cost. Maryland be- [ .«hXm>H,>*>,X^h>*KhKK^mK,^<4
*
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