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•"¦4J.J—J".™"1.!"—¦»! -¦" L'j.'.iJ—!—...J------j l,e aoMed tlie expences of a numerous fami-
CIRCULAR. j if, and the cost of many books. My own
To tie friends of literature m the Inked . property i«,not adequate to these expendi-
> ¦_ I tures. Similar undertakings in Ureat-bn-
" a eu \ ta;n have been supported by contributions ;
When I first contemplated the publicati- j am} can there hs a questinn< whether the
on of an Fr?lish Dictionary, my design )overs of learning in the United States -.¦/¦!!
aid, by like means, any design, which pro
w is chiefly limited tnthe correction of a few
palpable errors in orthography and definiti-
on, and the insertion of a great number of
1 ¦ ntimate words and significations, not
found in any British work of the kind.
Being led gradually, and almost insensibly,
to -investigate the origin of our own lan-
guage, I was surprised t ¦ discover that this
field of inquiry had never been explored
with due attention and success ; and that
the origin arc! ftistory, not only of the En-
glish, but of the Greek. Latin, and ether
European languages, are yet involved ir» no
small degree of obscurity. The learned
wen on the continent of Europe, yafsicis,
Scaliger, and others, who diligently studied
the elegant languages of Greece and Italy,
neglected to resort for the radical words, to
some of the best sources of correct know-
ledge,, the Celtic and Teutonic dialects,
-which next to the Hebrew, are the pur-
est remains of the primitive language.
Hence much of their labor was spent in
vain. They wandered into the field of con-
jecture, venturing to substitute opinions for
evidence, and their mistakes have led
subsequent writers into error. Some En-
glish investigators of the subject have been
more sriec--sf'tl ; but they have left no small
part of the field unexplored. Inconseqaence
wigkt, j
WASHINGTON CITY, August !s.
On. Saturday last the presidentr of the
IJ. S. left this city on a visit to Monticel-
fau
We deem i; proper at this time to publish
the following 'documents. They need no
comment, ^Intelligencer.']
f/orw.)
¦Philadelphia, Feb.i, 1793.
Dear Sut
I have received your favor of the 28th of
December, by the Miami Chief, the Lit-
tle Turtle, and have received and observed
him with attention. lie is certainly a re-
markable man. He is recovered of the small
pox, and what was worse, a severe tit.of
the gout.
We shall endeavor to make him happy
here and contented itfter'his return -I thank
you for introducing him to me, and for the
information you have given me concerning
him.
I have received also your letter of the
26th December. It-is very true that I have
been tortured, for a great part of the year
past, with written anonimous insinuations
against several persons in conspicuous pub-
lic stations, that they had formed improper
connections with Spain, and among others,
against yourself. It has been frequently as-
serted, that you held a commission, and re-
ceived pay as a colonel in the Spanish ser-
vice. This opinion appears to have taken
such root upon the Mississippi among the
people in general, that scarcely any man ar-
rives from that neighborhood, who does not
bring the report along with him. They
seem to be in such a -temper in that region,
that nobody escapes accusation. I have
not suffered these rumors concerning you
to make impression upon me ; but have la-
mented what I perceived must be the conse-
quence of them, among the people of the
United States. The same jealousy or malice
which transmitted them to me, I suppose
would propagate them elsewhere, without
much reserve.
I recollect perfectly well my injunction
to you in person, to employ all the force
within your power, both militia and regulars,
if necessary, to oppose the English or any
other foreign nation who should presume to
attempt a violation of our territory, by any
expedition through it against their enemies.
¦It would be a pleasure to me to nominate
your son to a.commission as'-you .request ;
but, in the Erst pi. co, there is no vacancy
in the artillery at present, as I am told, and
secondly, it was a rule established by 1113'
predecessor, that the ensigns should have
obtained the ag« of twenty-one, and I should
be severely ceiisured for departing from a
military po caution of so high authority.
'I recollect my consenting that you should
make sin excursion, it in your j idgment the
service would admit of it, to t|ie copper
country: I thank yon for the sample yon
have sent me, and which -I design to have
analisod.
For yourself, sir, I will say I esteem your
talents, I fespect your services, r-'d fe< 1 an
attachment to your person, as J d to very
man whose name and character I lave so
long know n in the service of our country,
whose beha' i'i has been consistent.
We may be nearer than we suspect to
another trial of spirits : 1 doubt net yours
vvifl be found faithful What measures you
may think fit to take to idler.ee the villain-
ous-rumors and clamors of your connections
with Spain and France, I know not : but no
violent ones or military ones will do any
gwod. I shall give no countenance to any
imputations, unless accusations should come,
and then you will have room to justify
yourself. But I assure you I do not expect
that any charge will be seriously made.
I am,
Sir,
Your most obedient and
Humble servant,
(Signed) JOHN ADAMS.
General Wilkinson.
Extract ofx a letter from, major general Hamil-
ton to president Adams, dated New-York,
September ^th, 1799.
General Wilkinson, who has been some
weeks in this city in consequence of an in-
vitation, having for object, the readjust-
ment of our western military affairs, is about
to make a journey to Braintree to pay his
respects to you—On such an occasion, I
hope it will not be thought improper,
should I address yon on the subject of this
officer—since what 1 shall say I know will
accord with the views of General Wash-
ington, and with what I have reason to be-
lieve has already been suggested to you with
his support, try the secretary of war.
You are apprised, sir, that general Wil-
kinson served with distinction in our revo-
lutionary war, and acquired in it the rank of
brigadier general. That for many years
since the war he has been in the military
service of the government with the same
rank, in which rank he for some time had
the chief command of the army. That
he had.also served with distinction, in this
latter period, General Wayne, who was
not his friend, has in one instance within,
my knowledge very amply testified.—The.
decided impression on my mind, as the' re-
sult of all that I have heard or known is that
he is eminently qualified as to talents, is
brave, enteiprising, active and diligent,
warmly animated by the genuine spirit of'his
profession, and devoted to it. The recent
communications between us'have satisfied me
more than ever, that he is well entitled to
the character I have just given him.
"So circumstanced and so qualified all mi-
litary usage and analogy give the general a
very strong claim to promotion. Jik sen-
sibility will suffer with reason if he has it
and it would acquire more llian usual
•''.giiaiumity to preserve him
¦from <3 ' d disgust. las well us
'd things said of the
• t seen the shadew
iiyseif too much
... detraction
...an'.'
BY' THIS DAY's MAILS.
tONDON, June 4.
We are glad of an opportunity of correct-
ing an error into which w'e were led by a
morning paper—a correction which will
give satisfaction to our military readers,
namely, that the galhuit lord Hutchinson is
not uperseded by Mr. Frere ; the latter gen-
tleman goes as ambassador to the king of
Prussia, but lord Hutchinson continues as
military commissioner or resident with.the
Prussian army ; and we may. from his ele-
gant pen, continue to expect correct details
of occurrences in that quarter, to which
this country is at the present moment so al-
lied.
Tuesday, generals lord Cathcart, sir Da-
vid Baird, and Beresford, had lung audien-
ces of the commander in chief, at tue horse
guards.
Major Macdonald of the 43d regiment,
is appointed secretary to lord Cathcart, for
the grand expedition.
All is bustle at the present moment at the
horse guards. Every nerve is strained to
hasten the departure of the expedition now
preparing for the continent. The last dis-
patches from the allied army are, we under-
stand, so very urgent for a British force,
that ministers have determined to hasten the
departure of lord Cathcart, or sir David
Baird immediately.
The command of the allied army is defi-
nitively conferred on general Benningsttn.
This has been done in a manner whioh great-
ly enhances the high honor so bestowed.
The emperor Alexander, after expressing in
general ordershis entire approbation of the
conduct of general Benningsen, and of the
high sense and opinion which he entertains
of his talents and his services, orders it to
be notified to the army, that the supreme
command is vested 'in that officer, and that
all dispatches are to be transmitted to, as
well as orders received from him. We trust
that tlie issue of the contest on the other
side of the Vistula will amply justify this
exalted confidence.
•Great fears.are entertained for the safety
of sir Thomas Troubridgeand the Blenln.ini
man of war. Sir Thomas was to have su-
perceded admiral Stirling in the Command
of the Cape and S'luth-Amerio.tn station.
¦It is stated in tetters from Vi.nna of the
14th, that the emperor on leaving Olen,
passed over the Carpathian mountains, to
have a conference witu the emperor of Kus-
sia.
The French have devoted uncommon la
bor to strengthen their positions in Prussia,
the banks of the Lorgefrom ivlarieiiwerderto
the Brauaen Lake, and thence to the Pas-
sarge. present a continued chain of batteries,
d'..;i:ii.!ed by 800 pieces of cannon.
PARIS, June 12.
Yesterday at 3 o'clock in the afternoon,
in execution of the orders of his majesty the
emperor and king, his serene highness the
prince, arch chancellor »f the empire, re-,
paired to tU senate.
His serene highness was received with
the usual ceremony, and having taken his
seat, said :
Gcnilomien,
I bring you a message from his majesty
the emperor & king, and letters patent, giv-.
en the 28th May lust, in the imperial camp
at Finkenstein.
These letters confer the title of hereditary
duke of Danteic on tire marshal .Lefebre,
prietor of the senate.
The message further enhances the high
distinction by the noble and affecting expo-
sition of the motives that have determined it.
The military career of the marshal Le-
febre, so long illustrious, will be forever
memorable by the siege of Dantzic, and by
the brilliant success which has terminated it.
His majesty could not recompence in a
more worthy manner, ancient and numerous
services, at the same time that it prepares
just subjects . f emulation to those who will
one day succeed to the dignity which the
marshal Lefebre has just received.
Afterwards were read the following pa-
pers :
Extract from the minutes of .the secretary of
state.
From our imperial camp of Finken-
stein, the 28th May, 1807.
Napoleon, emperor ot the French and
king of Italy—
We have decreed, and do decree as fol-
low s :
The senate shall assemble the nth of
June, in the usual place of its sitting-;.
(Signed NAPOLEON.
We have decreed and do decree as fol-
lows :
Our cousin the arch-chancellor of the em-
pire shall preside over the senate, which
shall assemble the nth of June, in the u-
sual place of its sittings.
(Signed) NAPOLEON.
Message rf Ins majesty the emperor and king.
Senatohg,
By oar decrees of the 30th March in the
year 1806 we have instituted Duchies to re-
compence the great services, both civil and
military, which may be rendered ms, to
give fresh stays to our tluone, and to in-
circle our crown with new lustre.
It belongs tr hs, the care of securing the
date and the fortune of the families wtfifch
devote themselves entirely to our service and
who constantly sacrifice their interests to
ours. The permament hunors, the legiti-
mate honorable and giorious fortune that we
wish to give those who have rendered us
eminent services, whether ill the civil or
military career, will contrast with tlx illegal
hidden shameful fortune of those who in the
exercise of their functions only seek their
interest instead cf keeping in view that of
our people and the good of our service.
Without doubt, the couscienciousness of
havi.tg done our duty, and the benehti »t-
bchei to em-esteem suffice ta k$cj> a good
Frenchman in the path of Ik no'-, but the
order of society is so constituted, that to ap-
parent distinct! n, to a large fortune, are
attached a consideration and a lustre with
which we desire those of our Subjects to be
surrounded who are gieat by their talents,
their services and their character ; the first
gift of man.
He who has the most seconded us in the
first stage of our reign and who after having
ii ,1'iei Services in every circumstance of his
military'career, has just united his narae to
a memorable siege, in which he has disjl.iy-
ed talents and a brilliant courage, has ap-
peared to us to merit an illustrious distinc-
tion ; we are desirous also of consecrating;
an epoch so honorable to our anus, and by
letters patent which we have chained our
cousin the arch-chauceilor to coinuiunicata
to y.u ; we have created onrcousii loiuiar-
shala»d Senatns Lefebie duke of DantziC.
May this title, borne by his descendants,
retrace to them the virtues of their father,
and may they acknowledge themselves un-
worthy of it, if ever they prefer the cow-
ardly repose and idleness of the great city,
to the perils and noble dust of camps ; if ever
their first sentiments cease to be for the
country and for us, may none of them ter-
minate his career without having shed his
blood for the glory and honor of our superb
France ; may they in the name they bear,
never see a pri'viiedge but duties towards
our people and us? on these condinions or.r
protection and that of our successors will
distinguish them at all times.
Senators -We feel a sentiment of satisfac-
tion in thinking that the first letters patent,
which in cousequence of our seiiatus coij-
sultum of the 14th August, 1806, ought to
be inscribed on your registers, consecrate
the service of your pristor.
Given in our Imperial camp of Finck-
enstein, tire '2o'm May, 1807.
WAPOLEON.
Flushing, June 6.
A slvp arrived to day in our port reports
having met near the 1 heights of Zourtmafi,
an English fleet composed of vessels of war.
and transjiorts, sailing northerly with the
wind a' W. ; if it should be the expedition
from Yarmouth, every thing is ready to
give it a suitable reception ; but it is sus-
pected nothing further will be done than
making a vaia parade. The reduction of
Haiitv.ic has Le-i>K-.s Itappeued in time to fur-
nish a pretext for returning into port.
"fl-AMBERCr, June S.
The brigade of i-n; joi-gen. De Vincenti,
set out yesterday. f"-,m hence, it repairs by
Baireuth to Magdeburg;
There has .already passed by our city
three Sp;iui-:h regiments,• viz : the infantry
regiment ef .Guadai.i: am, the oaVaky regi-
ment of Abgarbic and the .regiment of chas-
sers of Viilaviti.isa.-
The duke of Cobourg arrived the 30th
May, in the neigborhood of his capital. —
The contingent he is to furnish will nut de-
l;;y being completed.
BOSTON, Jsdy'31.
MORE VEXATION.
'We have seen a letter from a very intel-
ligent American in London, which states
that Mr. Armstrong had left Paris, to wait
on Bonaparte, at his Head Qn triers—that
our difficulties at the courts of St. Cloud'
and Madrid became more and more involv-
ed ; and that it Was evident Talleyrand in-
tended no accommodation should lake place,
between as and S]
NEW YORK., August 3.
Letters from Liverpool mention, fhst 1" t
few goods Will be shipped for America th s
season, owing to the unsettled state of aflWfi
between this country and GreaMhitaiu.
Ar.ria&d,
The brig Jane, Morris, 13 days from Cnr-
racoa, Lett brig Patty, Iiigin.in, to sail in.
a few flays for Sew-¥ork.
The brig Phosbe, Jackaways, 37 days from
Magadot-e. Left brig Mary-, Lander, of
Salem for Amsterdam, in 8 or 9 clays ; brig-
Betsy, Low, o| Salem from Leghorn, for
Safin, in 7 or 8 days ; brig Bellona, Smith,
of New Haven, for Madi ira, ir. 14 days ; brig
Elimi k Maryj Barber, of Charleston, des-
:i unknown.
Cleared, ships Hero, Spencer, St. Thomas ;
Brilliant, /ildeii, N. Bedford ; brigs Thorne,
Treat, Jamaica ; Olive, Crowell, Savannah ;
sch's Rising Sun, Ballet, Boston ; Minerva,
Bird. Philadelphia; Portsmouth) Con
Newport ; Cincinnatus, Smith, Elizabeth
City, N. C.; i'ox, Crary, Jamaica.
Letters from Liverpool mention the arrival,
of the ship Indian Q.ueen, Hammond, in 35s
days from this port. The Kingston was tei
sail the 8th of June, for New-York ; and the
Commerce the 14th.
The schr. Caty-Anu, Crooker, has anixed
at Bordeaux from this port.
Admiralty Court—Doctor's Commons, London,
June 3.
This day the right honorable sir William
Scott proceeded to the adjudication of the fol-
lowing case :
Rolla,------Coffin, master.—This Ameri-
can ship, laden with a cargo of hides, and
bound from Monte Viedo to New-York, was
seized (on the ground of a breach of I
ade) in the River Plate, on the soth of Nov.
1806, by his majesty's ship of war Medusa,
and carried first to Maldonado, and irf er-
wards brought to the River Thames. The
court, in this cass, was of opinion, that there
was a competent authority to impose a block.*
ade, and accordingly condemned the ship
and cargo.
BHILADELI'HIA, August 4. ,
Arrived, ship Temperance, Eurruugbs,
Hamburgh, 57 days ; sloop Susan, York,
Psijamaquoddy, 20 : Hunter, Wade, K-
Carolina, 10.
Yesterday arrived, the ship Temperance,
Burroughs, in 57 days from Hamburgh.—
Left Ln. the river Eyder, May 29, ships
Jenny, Sheldon, uncertain where bound,
Henrietta, Charlotte, Moore, for New-
York, in 6 or 8 days ; Pactolus, Becifcrd,
of Salem, uncertain where bound, : /'. ,.
ius, Tredwell, d^>. ; William and Eliza,"
l£emptcn, for Russia, repairing ; George
e-.nd Albert, llcars, for Bult'u¦:orr ; uncer-
tain ; Pittsburgh, Kilty, for Philadelphia,
in 3 weeks ; Yarnhum, Btirges, f r Afri-
caj uncertain; Atkatic.'Ben&ctt, oiTkus
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